The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking "discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from harming the body."
The Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute announced the award on Monday, recognising the trio for their pioneering work that laid the foundation for understanding autoimmune diseases and opened new avenues for cancer and immunotherapy research.
Their discovery understood how the immune system is kept in check. They noted that, "the body’s powerful immune system must be regulated, or it may attack our own organs."
The Nobel Prize laureates have reshaped modern immunology and identified "the immune system’s security guards, regulatory T cells, thus laying the foundation for a new field of research. The discoveries have also led to the development of potential medical treatments that are now being evaluated in clinical trials," a release stated.
Their research showed that when these cells fail to function properly, the body becomes vulnerable to autoimmune diseases, where the immune system turns against itself.
"The hope is to be able to treat or cure autoimmune diseases, provide more effective cancer treatments and prevent serious complications after stem cell transplants,"
Earlier in 2024 Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun's groundbreaking discovery revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation that turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans.
The announcement marks the beginning of Nobel Prize week, with awards in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and economic sciences to follow.
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